rough

rough¹ W3S2 [rʌf] adj comparative rougher superlative roughest

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1¦(not smooth)¦

2¦(not exact)¦

3¦(problems/difficulties)¦

4¦(not gentle)¦

5¦(town/area etc)¦

6¦(weather/sea)¦

7¦(voice/sound)¦

8¦(simple/not well made)¦

9¦(not comfortable)¦

10 have rough edges

11 rough night

12 a rough deal

13 feel rough

14 look rough

15 rough and ready

16 rough justice

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[: Old English; Origin: ruh]

1.) ¦(NOT SMOOTH)¦

having an uneven surface

≠ ↑smooth

▪ Her hands were rough from hard work.

▪ the rough terrain at the base of the mountains

▪ We were bumping over the rough ground.

2.) ¦(NOT EXACT)¦ [usually before noun]

not exact, not containing many details, or not in a final form

= ↑approximate

▪ a rough sketch of the house

▪ a rough translation

▪ Could you give me a rough idea what time you'll be home?

▪ a rough estimate of the cost

▪ First do a rough draft of your essay.

3.) ¦(PROBLEMS/DIFFICULTIES)¦

a rough period is one in which you have a lot of problems or difficulties

= ↑tough

▪ The first year was rough, but things have gotten better.

▪ Sounds like you had a rough day .

▪ We've been through some rough times together.

▪ My boyfriend and I were going through a rough patch .

▪ The bill is in for a rough ride in the Senate.

▪ It's been rough going , but we've almost finished now.

4.) ¦(NOT GENTLE)¦

using force, anger, or violence

≠ ↑gentle

▪ Rugby is a very rough sport.

▪ Don't be too rough - she's only little.

▪ Paul gave her a rough shake.

▪ equipment capable of withstanding rough treatment

▪ The referee won't allow any rough stuff (=violent behaviour) .

be rough on sb

(=treat someone unkindly or criticize them in an angry way)

▪ Don't you think you were a little rough on her?

5.) ¦(TOWN/AREA ETC)¦

a rough area is a place where there is a lot of violence or crime

▪ a rough part of town

6.) ¦(WEATHER/SEA)¦

with strong wind or storms

≠ ↑calm

▪ The ship went down in rough seas .

7.) ¦(VOICE/SOUND)¦

a) not sounding soft or gentle, and often rather unpleasant or angry

▪ Barton's deep, rough voice

b) having an unpleasant sound, especially because there is something wrong with a machine

▪ The clutch sounds rough - better get it checked.

8.) ¦(SIMPLE/NOT WELL MADE)¦

simple and often not very well made

▪ a rough wooden table

9.) ¦(NOT COMFORTABLE)¦

uncomfortable, and with difficult conditions

▪ The journey was long and rough.

10.) have rough edges also be rough around the edges

a) to have some parts that are not as good as they should be, but that are not a serious problem

▪ The team has a few rough edges, but they're winning more games.

b) if a person is rough around the edges, they are not very polite, educated etc

11.) rough night

a night when you did not sleep well

▪ Mickey had a rough night last night.

12.) a rough deal

something that happens to you that is unfair or unpleasant

▪ He's had a rough deal with his wife leaving him like that.

13.) feel rough

BrE informal to feel ill

14.) look rough

BrE informal to look untidy, dirty, or unhealthy

▪ After travelling for two days we must have looked pretty rough.

15.) rough and ready

not perfect, but good enough for a particular purpose

▪ The tests are only a rough and ready guide to a pupil's future development.

16.) rough justice

punishment that is not decided in a court in the usual legal way, and that is often severe or unfair

▪ Gangs practise a kind of rough justice on their members.

>roughness n [U]

→↑rough diamond, ↑rough paper, ↑roughly

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COLLOCATES for sense 3

a rough day/week etc

rough times

hit a rough patch/spot

go through a rough patch/spot

have a rough time (of it)

be in for/face a rough ride (=be going to have a difficult time)

rough going (=a period when you have a lot of difficulties)

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rough ²

rough² n

1.) the rough

uneven ground with long grass on an area where people play golf

≠ ↑green

2.) take the rough with the smooth

to accept the bad things in life as well as the good ones

▪ You have to learn to take the rough with the smooth.

3.)

a picture drawn very quickly, not showing all the details

= ↑sketch

▪ a rough of the proposed housing development

4.) in rough

BrE if you write or draw something in rough, you do it without paying attention to details or tidiness, because you are going to do it again later

▪ It's best to work in rough first, and then write it out neatly.

5.) a bit of rough

BrE informal someone from a lower social class than you, with whom you have a sexual relationship

→↑diamond in the rough

rough ³

rough³ v

rough it informal

to live for a short time in conditions that are not very comfortable

▪ I don't mind roughing it for a while.

rough out [rough sth<=>out] phr v

to draw or write something without including all the details

▪ a diagram the engineer had roughed out on his notepad

rough up [rough sb<=>up] phr v

informal to attack someone and hurt them by hitting them

rough ⁴

rough⁴ adv

1.) sleep rough

BrE to sleep outside with nothing to protect you from the weather, especially because you have no home to live in

▪ the number of people sleeping rough on the street

2.) play rough

to play in a fairly violent way

→cut up rough at ↑cut¹ (6)